A strategic step forward for Italy’s energy transition is taking shape in Tuscany. The historic Eni refinery in Livorno is being converted into a cutting-edge biorefinery, backed by a €500 million loan from the European Investment Bank (EIB). The overall investment amounts to €600 million. The financing agreement, signed on July 24 by EIB Vice-President Gelsomina Vigliotti and Eni CEO Claudio Descalzi, will support the 15-year development of the facility.
A High-Efficiency, Next-Generation Plant
Set to be operational in 2027, the new biorefinery will produce up to 500,000 tons per year of HVO (Hydrogenated Vegetable Oil)—an advanced biodiesel made from hydrogen-treated vegetable oils and organic waste. This fuel, which can be used in its pure form, cuts CO₂ emissions by 65–90% compared to fossil diesel, playing a key role in decarbonizing transport.
Sustainable Development and Jobs Protection
Using Eni’s proprietary Ecofining™ technology, the plant will include systems for biogenic feedstock pre-treatment and hydrogen production. Inputs will come from renewable sources, such as vegetable oils grown in Africa, animal fats, and used cooking oils from household waste.
Construction will employ around 1,000 people. Importantly, Eni has committed to reassigning the entire workforce from the former refinery—roughly 400 direct employees and additional workers from related industries.
A Flagship for Industrial Transition
With this transformation, Livorno is poised to become a European hub for advanced biofuel production, reinforcing Tuscany’s role in sustainable industrial strategy. The new facility will not only reduce local emissions but also stand as a model of industrial reconversion—combining innovation, job preservation, and environmental responsibility.
